l4d glitches 1

in the apartments There is a glitch at the very beginning on the roof. Jump onto the ledge you are facing after the opening sequence, and turn 90 degrees to the right. From there, look down and you will see a very small white ledge. Make sure you have pills or a med-kit because Common Infected can spawn here. Jump onto the small white ledge and if done correctly, you should land on the ledge and lose about 95% of your health, so heal, and jump down. From here you can see a small area that the developers did not want you to see. CAUTION: Like the Infected, you will randomly die if you get near the hummer.

HOW to stop GLOBAL WARMING

1. 1. Replace a regular incandescent light bulb with a compact fluorescent light bulb (cfl)

      CFLs use 60% less energy than a regular bulb. This simple switch will save about 300 pounds of carbon dioxide a year.
      We recommend you purchase your CFL bulbs at 1000bulbs.com, they have great deals on both screw-in and plug-in light bulbs.

   2. Install a programmable thermostat
      Programmable thermostats will automatically lower the heat or air conditioning at night and raise them again in the morning. They can save you $100 a year on your energy bill.

   3. Move your thermostat down 2° in winter and up 2° in summer
      Almost half of the energy we use in our homes goes to heating and cooling. You could save about 2,000 pounds of carbon dioxide a year with this simple adjustment.

   4. Clean or replace filters on your furnace and air conditioner
      Cleaning a dirty air filter can save 350 pounds of carbon dioxide a year.

   5. Choose energy efficient appliances when making new purchases
      Look for the Energy Star label on new appliances to choose the most energy efficient products available.

   6. Do not leave appliances on standby
      Use the "on/off" function on the machine itself. A TV set that's switched on for 3 hours a day (the average time Europeans spend watching TV) and in standby mode during the remaining 21 hours uses about 40% of its energy in standby mode.

   7. Wrap your water heater in an insulation blanket
      You’ll save 1,000 pounds of carbon dioxide a year with this simple action. You can save another 550 pounds per year by setting the thermostat no higher than 50°C.

   8. Move your fridge and freezer
      Placing them next to the cooker or boiler consumes much more energy than if they were standing on their own. For example, if you put them in a hot cellar room where the room temperature is 30-35ºC, energy use is almost double and causes an extra 160kg of CO2 emissions for fridges per year and 320kg for freezers.

   9. Defrost old fridges and freezers regularly
      Even better is to replace them with newer models, which all have automatic defrost cycles and are generally up to two times more energy-efficient than their predecessors.

   10. Don't let heat escape from your house over a long period
       When airing your house, open the windows for only a few minutes. If you leave a small opening all day long, the energy needed to keep it warm inside during six cold months (10ºC or less outside temperature) would result in almost 1 ton of CO2 emissions.

   11. Replace your old single-glazed windows with double-glazing
       This requires a bit of upfront investment, but will halve the energy lost through windows and pay off in the long term. If you go for the best the market has to offer (wooden-framed double-glazed units with low-emission glass and filled with argon gas), you can even save more than 70% of the energy lost.

   12. Get a home energy audit
       Many utilities offer free home energy audits to find where your home is poorly insulated or energy inefficient. You can save up to 30% off your energy bill and 1,000 pounds of carbon dioxide a year. Energy Star can help you find an energy specialist.

   13. Cover your pots while cooking
       Doing so can save a lot of the energy needed for preparing the dish. Even better are pressure cookers and steamers: they can save around 70%!

   14. Use the washing machine or dishwasher only when they are full
       If you need to use it when it is half full, then use the half-load or economy setting. There is also no need to set the temperatures high. Nowadays detergents are so efficient that they get your clothes and dishes clean at low temperatures.

   15. Take a shower instead of a bath
       A shower takes up to four times less energy than a bath. To maximize the energy saving, avoid power showers and use low-flow showerheads, which are cheap and provide the same comfort.

   16. Use less hot water
       It takes a lot of energy to heat water. You can use less hot water by installing a low flow showerhead (350 pounds of carbon dioxide saved per year) and washing your clothes in cold or warm water (500 pounds saved per year) instead of hot.

   17. Use a clothesline instead of a dryer whenever possible
       You can save 700 pounds of carbon dioxide when you air dry your clothes for 6 months out of the year.

   18. Insulate and weatherize your home
       Properly insulating your walls and ceilings can save 25% of your home heating bill and 2,000 pounds of carbon dioxide a year. Caulking and weather-stripping can save another 1,700 pounds per year. Energy Efficient has more information on how to better insulate your home.

   19. Be sure you’re recycling at home
       You can save 2,400 pounds of carbon dioxide a year by recycling half of the waste your household generates.

   20. Recycle your organic waste
       Around 3% of the greenhouse gas emissions through the methane is released by decomposing bio-degradable waste. By recycling organic waste or composting it if you have a garden, you can help eliminate this problem! Just make sure that you compost it properly, so it decomposes with sufficient oxygen, otherwise your compost will cause methane emissions and smell foul.

   21. Buy intelligently
       One bottle of 1.5l requires less energy and produces less waste than three bottles of 0.5l. As well, buy recycled paper products: it takes less 70 to 90% less energy to make recycled paper and it prevents the loss of forests worldwide.

   22. Choose products that come with little packaging and buy refills when you can
       You will also cut down on waste production and energy use... another help against global warming.

   23. Reuse your shopping bag
       When shopping, it saves energy and waste to use a reusable bag instead of accepting a disposable one in each shop. Waste not only discharges CO2 and methane into the atmosphere, it can also pollute the air, groundwater and soil.

   24. Reduce waste
       Most products we buy cause greenhouse gas emissions in one or another way, e.g. during production and distribution. By taking your lunch in a reusable lunch box instead of a disposable one, you save the energy needed to produce new lunch boxes.

   25. Plant a tree
       A single tree will absorb one ton of carbon dioxide over its lifetime. Shade provided by trees can also reduce your air conditioning bill by 10 to 15%. The Arbor Day Foundation has information on planting and provides trees you can plant with membership.

   26. Switch to green power
       In many areas, you can switch to energy generated by clean, renewable sources such as wind and solar. In some of these, you can even get refunds by government if you choose to switch to a clean energy producer, and you can also earn money by selling the energy you produce and don't use for yourself.

   27. Buy locally grown and produced foods
       The average meal in the United States travels 1,200 miles from the farm to your plate. Buying locally will save fuel and keep money in your community.

   28. Buy fresh foods instead of frozen
       Frozen food uses 10 times more energy to produce.

   29. Seek out and support local farmers markets
       They reduce the amount of energy required to grow and transport the food to you by one fifth. Seek farmer’s markets in your area, and go for them.

   30. Buy organic foods as much as possible
       Organic soils capture and store carbon dioxide at much higher levels than soils from conventional farms. If we grew all of our corn and soybeans organically, we’d remove 580 billion pounds of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere!

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   REDUCE EATING MEAT
   Methane is the second most significant greenhouse gas and cows are one of the greatest methane emitters. Their grassy diet and multiple stomachs cause them to produce methane, which they exhale with every breath.

2. 
   

3. Reduce the number of miles you drive by walking, biking, carpooling or taking mass transit wherever possible
   Avoiding just 10 miles of driving every week would eliminate about 500 pounds of carbon dioxide emissions a year! Look for transit options in your area.

4. Start a carpool with your coworkers or classmates
   Sharing a ride with someone just 2 days a week will reduce your carbon dioxide emissions by 1,590 pounds a year. eRideShare.com runs a free service connecting north american commuters and travelers.

5. Don't leave an empty roof rack on your car
   This can increase fuel consumption and CO2 emissions by up to 10% due to wind resistance and the extra weight - removing it is a better idea.

6. Keep your car tuned up
   Regular maintenance helps improve fuel efficiency and reduces emissions. When just 1% of car owners properly maintain their cars, nearly a billion pounds of carbon dioxide are kept out of the atmosphere.

7. Drive carefully and do not waste fuel
   You can reduce CO2 emissions by readjusting your driving style. Choose proper gears, do not abuse the gas pedal, use the engine brake instead of the pedal brake when possible and turn off your engine when your vehicle is motionless for more than one minute. By readjusting your driving style you can save money on both fuel and car mantainance.

8. Check your tires weekly to make sure they’re properly inflated
   Proper tire inflation can improve gas mileage by more than 3%. Since every gallon of gasoline saved keeps 20 pounds of carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere, every increase in fuel efficiency makes a difference!

9. When it is time for a new car, choose a more fuel efficient vehicle
   You can save 3,000 pounds of carbon dioxide every year if your new car gets only 3 miles per gallon more than your current one. You can get up to 60 miles per gallon with a hybrid! You can find information on fuel efficiency on FuelEconomy and on GreenCars websites.

10. Try car sharing
    Need a car but don’t want to buy one? Community car sharing organizations provide access to a car and your membership fee covers gas, maintenance and insurance. Many companies – such as Flexcar - offer low emission or hybrid cars too! Also, see ZipCar.

11. Try telecommuting from home
    Telecommuting can help you drastically reduce the number of miles you drive every week. For more information, check out the Telework Coalition.

12. Fly less
    Air travel produces large amounts of emissions so reducing how much you fly by even one or two trips a year can reduce your emissions significantly. You can also offset your air travel carbon emissions by investingin renewable energy projects.

13. Encourage your school or business to reduce emissions
    You can extend your positive influence on global warming well beyond your home by actively encouraging other to take action.

14. Join the virtual march
    The Stop Global Warming Virtual March is a non-political effort to bring people concerned about global warming together in one place. Add your voice to the hundreds of thousands of other people urging action on this issue.

15. Encourage the switch to renewable energy
    Successfully combating global warming requires a national transition to renewable energy sources such as solar, wind and biomass. These technologies are ready to be deployed more widely but there are regulatory barriers impeding them. U.S. citizens, take action to break down those barriers with Vote Solar.

16. Protect and conserve forest worldwide
    Forests play a critical role in global warming: they store carbon. When forests are burned or cut down, their stored carbon is release into the atmosphere - deforestation now accounts for about 20% of carbon dioxide emissions each year. Conservation International has more information on saving forests from global warming.

17. Consider the impact of your investments
    If you invest your money, you should consider the impact that your investments and savings will have on global warming. Check out SocialInvest and Ceres to can learn more about how to ensure your money is being invested in companies, products and projects that address issues related to climate change.

18. Make your city cool
    Cities and states around the country have taken action to stop global warming by passing innovative transportation and energy saving legislation. If you're in the U.S., join the cool cities list.

19. Tell Congress to act
    The McCain Lieberman Climate Stewardship and Innovation Act would set a firm limit on carbon dioxide emissions and then use free market incentives to lower costs, promote efficiency and spur innovation. Tell your representative to support it.

20. Make sure your voice is heard!
    Americans must have a stronger commitment from their government in order to stop global warming and implement solutions and such a commitment won’t come without a dramatic increase in citizen lobbying for new laws with teeth. Get the facts about U.S. politicians and candidates at Project Vote Smart and The League of Conservation Voters. Make sure your voice is heard by voting!

21. Share this list!
    Send this page via e-mail to your friends! Spread this list worldwide and help people doing their part: the more people you will manage to enlighten, the greater YOUR help to save the planet will be (but please take action on first person too)!
    

GLOBAL WARMING

Global warming is the increase in the average temperature of Earth's near-surface air and oceans since the mid-20th century and its projected continuation. Global surface temperature increased 0.74 ± 0.18 °C (1.33 ± 0.32 °F) between the start and the end of the 20th century.^[2][A] The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) concludes that most of the observed temperature increase since the middle of the 20th century was very likely caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases resulting from human activity such as fossil fuel burning and deforestation.^[2] The IPCC also concludes that variations in natural phenomena such as solar radiation and volcanic eruptions had a small cooling effect after 1950.^[3][4] These basic conclusions have been endorsed by more than 40 scientific societies and academies of science,^[B] including all of the national academies of science of the major industrialized countries.^[5]

Climate model projections summarized in the latest IPCC report indicate that the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 1.1 to 6.4 °C (2.0 to 11.5 °F) during the 21st century.^[2] The uncertainty in this estimate arises from the use of models with differing sensitivity to greenhouse gas concentrations and the use of differing estimates of future greenhouse gas emissions. Most studies focus on the period leading up to the year 2100. However, warming is expected to continue beyond 2100 even if emissions stop, because of the large heat capacity of the oceans and the long lifetime of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.^[6][7]

An increase in global temperature will cause sea levels to rise and will change the amount and pattern of precipitation, probably including expansion of subtropical deserts.^[8] Warming is expected to be strongest in the Arctic and would be associated with continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely effects include changes in the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, species extinctions, and changes in agricultural yields. Warming and related changes will vary from region to region around the globe, though the nature of these regional variations is uncertain.^[9]

Political and public debate continues regarding global warming, its causes and what actions to take in response. The available options are mitigation to reduce further emissions; adaptation to reduce the damage caused by warming; and, more speculatively, geoengineering to reverse global warming. Most national governments have signed and ratified the Kyoto Protocol aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emission

how to make a flashbang

A Flash Bang is a device which looks similar to a grenade that is commonly used by police SWAT teams throughout much of the world. Unlike traditional grenades a Flash Bang is a non-lethal device which is used when police are required to enter a building or home by force. The Flash Bang is activated and then thrown into a room before the police enter. The device explodes with an extremely powerful percussion and a blinding flash of light. The actual explosion is very weak, but the loud noise and bright light it creates temporarily blinds and disorients anyone exposed to it. Such devices can be made for personal use and mischief by teens with too much time on their hands, but they also have another legitimate use. Homemade Flash Bangs are used for special effects during amateur theatrical productions. Often their purpose is to misdirect the attention of the spectators so rapid changes on stage can be done unnoticed. Here is a guide on how to make your own Flash Bang.

Difficulty: Moderately Easy

Instructions

Things You'll Need:

• Toothpicks
• Fountain Fireworks
• Utility Knife
• Heavy Tissues or Paper Towels
• Needle Nose Pliers
• String
• Plastic Cup

1. Step 1

   Begin by slicing open the top of your fountain firework with the utility knife. Be careful not to cut the fuse accidentally since you want it to be intact as long as possible.

2. Step 2

   Pull the wick free from the top of the fountain, and set it aside.

3. Step 3

   Use the needle nose pliers to pull the paper and cardboard in the top of the fountain tube. Pour the contents of the tube into your cup. It should be an ounce or two of various colored dry powders. This is typically a combination of gunpowder and other minerals which create the colors of the fireworks.

4. Step 4

   Use the toothpick to stir the powder thoroughly, and break up any packed chunks. It should all be a fine, uniform consistency.

5. Step 5

   Push the fuse through the center of your tissue and lay the tissue out flat, Keep the fuse pointed down.

6. Step 6

   Pour the powder onto the tissue and wrap the tissue around the powder. This creates a tight ball.

7. Step 7

   Tie the string around the ends of the Flash Bang to hold the fuse in place and keep the tissue closed. You’ve completed making your Flash Bang. Be extremely careful with it, and keep it far from the reach of children and other people.

   Tips & Warnings

   • Make sure you only use the fountain type of firework. Try buying several and experimenting with them before setting them off in any theatrical production.
   • Use extreme caution when handling all of these substances. Remember you are working with gunpowder and other highly flammable substances.
   • Don’t let the powder come into contact with your hands as the residue could ignite accidentally.
   • Never leave an open flame or sparking object near the Flash Bang during its construction and prior to its use.
   • Use extreme caution when making and using a flash bang. Seriously injury can result from any misstep.